荷馬史詩中的植物: 8 Madonna lily

Madonna lily,

Lilium candidum

聖母百合

Iliad 3.150-153

百合花一般的聲音?

γήραϊ δὴ πολέμοιο πεπαυμένοι, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγορηταὶ

ἐσθλοί, τεττίγεσσιν ἐοικότες οἵ τε καθ᾽ ὕλην

δενδρέῳ ἐφεζόμενοι ὄπα λειριόεσσαν ἱεῖσι:

τοῖοι ἄρα Τρώων ἡγήτορες ἧντ᾽ ἐπὶ πύργῳ.

Because of old age they had now ceased from battle,

but they were good speakers, like cicadas that in a forest

sit on a tree and pour out their lily-like voice;

such were the leaders of the leaders of the Trojans who were sitting on the wall.

l 一群退役老人，像森林裡的一群蟬，坐在城牆上，沒力氣打仗了，到時各各中氣十足，說話鏗鏘有力，聲音如百合花，這究竟是怎樣的聲音呢? Hesiod曾提到百合花之聲音，謬思女神之聲。或許這裡還意味著老人家智慧之語。

l λειριόεις like a lily，像百合花。

like a lily, but in Hom. only metaph., χρόα λειριόεντα lily skin, Il.13.830; of the cicadae, ὄπα λειριόεσσαν their delicate voice, 3.152; of the Muses' voice, Hes.Th.41; “Ἑσπερίδες” Q.S.2.418.

l 百合花，完美的對稱，和諧，象徵純潔與無邪。

l 荷馬史詩中形容Ajax的皮膚像百合花細緻。

l 下圖是克里特島Amnissos發現的壁畫 (約1600 BCE)，白色百合花是主題，更多資訊請參考: http://ancientlights.org/CalendarHouse/ch5.html

l 下圖是在Thera的壁畫，火山島岩石上開著一叢叢的百合花，紅色花可能因為與背景顏色對照，基本上花依照白色百合花或是聖母百合畫出。不過，另有一說是，畫中的花可能是很像百合花的「沙百合水仙」sea-daffodil (Pancratium maritimum)。

下面圖片是「沙百合水仙」sea-daffodil (Pancratium maritimum)

圖片出處: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancratium_maritimum

l Pausanias (9.14.7) 提到在Chaeronea (in Boeotia)這地方，好像有一個製藥廠(a kind of pharmaceutical factory)，人們用百合花、玫瑰與水仙花做成止痛的藥膏。

l 自邁錫尼文明與米諾文明，常常可見百合花的主題。根據Baumann下面的封印源自邁錫尼文化，但是網頁說明標示為克里特的封印。但是Baumann一直強調，百合花是克里特文化最主要的美學主題之一。此外，兩位婦女獻給女神的花，在Baumann的書是寫著百合(lilies)，網頁的說明是番紅花(crocuses)。

(參考Bauman, 第45頁)。

以下資料與圖片來源: http://www.suppressedhistories.net/Gallery/crete/crete.html

Goddess Seals of ancient Crete: Goddess with poppies seated under fruiting tree and surrounded by votaries offering crocuses. Two serpents float past the sun and moon in the sky, beside a "Shield Goddess." A double axe takes center position, and beneath it is a small female figure with a crocus who appears to be standing on the mountain symbol, like a goddess in other seal art.