Parsley or Celery
σέλινον
Apium
graveolens
西洋芹
Achilles的馬吃甚麼草?
羅念生與王煥生的翻譯「他們的馬在車旁吃沼澤裡的苜蓿和芫荽」
苜蓿面已討論，那芫荽又是甚麼?
1. 荷馬史詩出現頻率不高，此處還加上一個形容詞修飾: Marsh-reared，表示這芹菜是野生的。另一處是Odyssey 5.72，長在Calypso的洞穴外頭。
2. 和台灣常說的芫荽不太一樣，而是旱芹，或是西洋芹。以下是維基百科的說明:「又稱芹菜，富菜，藥芹，是傘形科芹屬的植物，分布在歐洲、美洲、亞洲、非洲等地。在中國烹飪中是一種常見的蔬菜，在義大利菜中也常用作爆香料。芹菜可食用部分主要為葉柄；葉雖然也可以食用，但因略帶苦味，少有人吃。其一種類 A. graveolens var. rapaceum 於西方國家栽種，根可食用Celeriac。 現今普見為改良變種 A. graveolens var. dulce 葉、莖、根、果實全可食用。種子可取油及製香辛料。」
3. 古希臘文獻多處提到σέλινον，例如，Theophrastus列出幾則說明: 需兩年長成(1.2.2)；單一根系，但有旁生(root single, but with large side-growth) (1.6.6)；有些是常綠 (evergreen) (1.9.4)；長葉子時間(1.10.7)；汁液的味道(taste of sap)
(1.12.2)；effect of
trampling and rolling in seed (2.4.3)等等，可見希臘古典時期就已經有相當多的知識。
Common name: Celery
Latin name: Apium graveolens
Other names: Ancient Greek: Selinon,
Smallage, Garden Celery, Wild Celery
Family: Apiaceae
Natural habitat: It originates from/in
mediteranean area, but it also grows in salty soils of North and South
America, Europe, and Africa.
Description: Biennial herbaceous plant,
grows to 1m tall. It has a fleshy, rounded root and a furrowed, branched
stem. The leaves are pinnate to bipinnate, dark green and shiny with rhombic,
coarsely toothed leaflets 3-6 cm long and 2-4 cm broad. The flowers are
creamy to grey white, 2-3 mm in diameter, appearing from July to November.
The seeds are broad and egg-shaped, 1.5 to 2 mm long and wide.
Compounds: Source of potassium, folic
acid, phosphorus, calcium, carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A,
vitamin B-complex, vitamin C and vitamin E.
Parts used: Root, leaves and dried ripe fruits
Medicinal use: The juice extracted
from the petioles can be used for edema, rheumatic tendencies, gout,
flatulence, chronic pulmonary catarrh, tendencies toward overweight and lack
of appetite. It is a strong diuretic, and is used as a urinary antiseptic,
mainly because of the volatile oil apiol. Still, Celery shouldn’t t be used
when a person suffers from acute kidney problems (moderate use is permissible
only when kidney problems are chronic). Celery can be helpful in treating
skin problems, when it is used raw, or prepared as tea. Celery seed decoction
is used for bronchitis, rheumatism, and as a sedative. Seeds are also used as
a blood purifier, and are very helpful in treting arthritis. Oil extracted
from the root can restore sexual potency affected by illness.
Safety: Avoid the use of essential oil
in bright sunshine. Substance called bergapten increases photosensitivity, so
direct sun exposure is not advisable. Also, Celery is known to provoke
serious allergic reactions, and the allergen cannot be destroyed at cooking
temperatures.
|
芫荽
台中后里區菜圃
張琦雯 拍攝
主題: Calypso的島上植物大觀
經過雅典娜的告發與建議，宙斯決定派出Hermes去找Calypso，要她馬上放人。Hermes的別名是Ἀργειφόντης (slayer of Argus)，這裡描述聽到命令後，Hermes穿上搭那雙奇妙的金鞋，帶著他的手杖，立即飛奔到仙女Calypso居住的島，飛行過Pieria，有如海上翻飛的鷗鳥(λάρος sea-mew, gull)。
從Hermes的角度，我們觀賞到Calypso仙女的美髮，聽到她的歌聲，還有她優雅地織布，欣賞島上仙境，有山有水，有樹有鳥，還有各種花香鳥語。
Πιερίην δ᾽ ἐπιβὰς
ἐξ αἰθέρος ἔμπεσε πόντῳ:
σεύατ᾽ ἔπειτ᾽
ἐπὶ κῦμα λάρῳ ὄρνιθι ἐοικώς,
ὅς τε κατὰ
δεινοὺς κόλπους ἁλὸς ἀτρυγέτοιο
ἰχθῦς ἀγρώσσων
πυκινὰ πτερὰ δεύεται ἅλμῃ:
τῷ ἴκελος
πολέεσσιν ὀχήσατο κύμασιν Ἑρμῆς.
ἀλλ᾽ ὅτε δὴ
τὴν νῆσον ἀφίκετο τηλόθ᾽ ἐοῦσαν,
ἔνθ᾽ ἐκ
πόντου βὰς ἰοειδέος ἤπειρόνδε
ἤιεν, ὄφρα
μέγα σπέος ἵκετο, τῷ ἔνι νύμφη
ναῖεν ἐυπλόκαμος:
τὴν δ᾽ ἔνδοθι τέτμεν ἐοῦσαν.
πῦρ μὲν ἐπ᾽ ἐσχαρόφιν
μέγα καίετο, τηλόσε δ᾽ ὀδμὴ
κέδρου τ᾽ εὐκεάτοιο
θύου τ᾽ ἀνὰ νῆσον ὀδώδει
δαιομένων: ἡ
δ᾽ ἔνδον ἀοιδιάουσ᾽ ὀπὶ καλῇ
ἱστὸν ἐποιχομένη
χρυσείῃ κερκίδ᾽ ὕφαινεν.
ὕλη δὲ σπέος
ἀμφὶ πεφύκει τηλεθόωσα,
κλήθρη τ᾽ αἴγειρός
τε καὶ εὐώδης κυπάρισσος.
ἔνθα δέ τ᾽ ὄρνιθες
τανυσίπτεροι εὐνάζοντο,
σκῶπές τ᾽ ἴρηκές
τε τανύγλωσσοί τε κορῶναι
εἰνάλιαι, τῇσίν
τε θαλάσσια ἔργα μέμηλεν.
ἡ δ᾽ αὐτοῦ
τετάνυστο περὶ σπείους γλαφυροῖο
ἡμερὶς ἡβώωσα,
τεθήλει δὲ σταφυλῇσι.
κρῆναι δ᾽ ἑξείης
πίσυρες ῥέον ὕδατι λευκῷ,
πλησίαι ἀλλήλων
τετραμμέναι ἄλλυδις ἄλλη.
ἀμφὶ δὲ λειμῶνες
μαλακοὶ ἴου ἠδὲ σελίνου
θήλεον. ἔνθα
κ᾽ ἔπειτα καὶ ἀθάνατός περ ἐπελθὼν
θηήσαιτο ἰδὼν
καὶ τερφθείη φρεσὶν ᾗσιν.
ἔνθα στὰς
θηεῖτο διάκτορος ἀργεϊφόντης.
(Odyssey 5. 55-75)
With this in
hand, the mighty killer of Argus
flew
off—speeding high above Pieria,
then leaping
from the upper sky down to the sea.
Across the
waves he raced, just like a cormorant,
which hunts
for fish down in the perilous gulfs
of the
restless sea, soaking his thick plumage
in the
brine—that how Hermes rode the crowded waves.
But when he
reached the distant island, he rose up,
out of the
violet sea, and moved on shore,
until he
reached the massive cave, where Calypso,
the fair-haired
nymph, had her home. He found her there,
a huge fire
blazing in her hearth—from far away
the smell of
split cedar and burning sandal wood
spread
across the island. With her lovely voice
Calypso sang
inside the cave, as she moved
back and
forth before her loom—she was weaving
with a
golden shuttle. All around her cave
trees were
in bloom, alder and sweet-smelling cypress,
and poplar,
too, with long-winged birds nesting there—
owls, hawks,
and chattering sea crows, who spend their time
out on the
water. A garden vine, fully ripe
and rich
with grapes, trailed through the hollow cave.
From four
fountains, close to each other in a row,
clear water
flowed in various directions,
and all
around soft meadows spread out in full bloom
with violets
and parsley. Even a god,
who lives
forever, coming there, would be amazed
to see it,
and his heart would fill with pleasure.
除了比較籠統的說法葡萄藤蔓和草地，這段提到的植物:
κέδρος cedar-tree,
Juniperus Oxycedrus 側柏
θύον thyine-wood,
citron-wood, Callitris quadrivalvis 雪松
κλήθρα alder, Alnus
glutinosa 赤楊
αἴγειρος black poplar,
Populus nigra黑楊
κυπάρισσος cypress,
Cupressus sempervirens 柏樹
ἴον violet, Viola
odorata香堇菜
σέλινον celery, Apium
graveolens 野芹
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