34 apple

μηλέα apple-tree, Pyrus malus

新的分類學名--Malus sylvestris

Odyssey 24. 302-355

Odysseus又編一個故事騙父親，但終究父子要相認，Odysseus 說出實情，但是愛說謊的人，實在令人難以相信，Laertes要他拿出具體證據說明，Odysseus舉兩個例子，一個是腳傷，一個是果園的果樹數目，13棵梨子樹，10棵蘋果樹，和40 棵無花果樹，還有50棵葡萄藤，這些都是父傳子的最好家產：

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0135%3Abook%3D24%3Acard%3D1

οὐλὴν μὲν πρῶτον τήνδε φράσαι ὀφθαλμοῖσι,

τὴν ἐν Παρνησῷ μ᾽ ἔλασεν σῦς λευκῷ ὀδόντι

οἰχόμενον: σὺ δέ με προΐεις καὶ πότνια μήτηρ

ἐς πατέρ᾽ Αὐτόλυκον μητρὸς φίλον, ὄφρ᾽ ἂν ἑλοίμην

δῶρα, τὰ δεῦρο μολών μοι ὑπέσχετο καὶ κατένευσεν.

εἰ δ᾽ ἄγε τοι καὶ δένδρε᾽ ἐϋκτιμένην κατ᾽ ἀλωὴν

εἴπω, ἅ μοί ποτ᾽ ἔδωκας, ἐγὼ δ᾽ ᾔτεόν σε ἕκαστα

παιδνὸς ἐών, κατὰ κῆπον ἐπισπόμενος: διὰ δ᾽ αὐτῶν

ἱκνεύμεσθα, σὺ δ᾽ ὠνόμασας καὶ ἔειπες ἕκαστα.

ὄγχνας μοι δῶκας τρισκαίδεκα καὶ δέκα μηλέας,

συκέας τεσσαράκοντ᾽: ὄρχους δέ μοι ὧδ᾽ ὀνόμηνας

δώσειν πεντήκοντα, διατρύγιος δὲ ἕκαστος

ἤην: ἔνθα δ᾽ ἀνὰ σταφυλαὶ παντοῖαι ἔασιν—

ὁππότε δὴ Διὸς ὧραι ἐπιβρίσειαν ὕπερθεν.

http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/homer/odyssey24.htm

“First, let your eyes inspect this scar—a boar

inflicted that on me with its white tusk,

when I went to Parnassus, sent there

by you and by my honourable mother,

to her cherished father, Autolycus,

so I could get the gifts he’d promised me,

what he’d agreed to give when he was here.

Come, I’ll tell you the trees you gave me once

in the well-established vineyard—back then

I was a child following you in the yard,

and I asked about each one. It was here—we walked by these very trees. You named them

and described them to me. You offered me

thirteen pear trees and ten apple trees

along with forty fig trees. In the same way,

you said you’d give me fifty rows of vines,

bearing all sorts of different types of grapes,

when Zeus’ seasons load their tops with fruit.

這裡的蘋果樹: μηλέα apple-tree, Pyrus malus，From Latin pirus (“pear tree”) + mālus (“apple tree”)，和梨是同科同屬。

 下面圖片與資料來源: http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Pyrus_malus

Old European crab apple tree

Malus sylvestris

下面圖片與資料來源: http://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Malus_sylvestris