58 曼陀羅花

58曼陀羅花

θρύον; thornapple, Datura Stramonium

thornapple

曼陀羅花

Datura Stramonium

茄科

Solanaceae

θρύον

曼陀羅花（學名：Datura stramonium）是茄科類曼陀羅屬的植物。又名醉心花、狗核桃、醉仙桃、瘋茄兒、南洋金花、山茄子、鳳茄花、朝鮮牽牛花。英文名thorn apple。幾個世紀以來，曼陀羅被用作草藥緩解哮喘症狀和手術或接骨中的止痛劑。它也是一個強大的迷幻劑和譫妄劑。

Iliad 21.328-382

主題: 戰爭破壞大自然

Achilles打不過河神，向眾神求救。Hera，最怨恨特洛伊人，也大力幫助Achilles，她馬上吩咐她的兒子Hephaestus火燒特洛伊的聖河；河神不敵，答應不再幫特洛伊人，請快停止火攻。Hera也答應。

       看似眾神之間角力，其實是描述戰爭的巨大規模，水與火大戰，戰火中，河畔的很多樹被燒，也造成森林流失，第350-351行還點出被燒的六種植物：

πτελέα elm, Ulmus glabra

 

ἰτέα willow, willow, Il. 21.350, Hecat.292（a) J., Hdt.1.194, PTeb.ined.703.195, etc.; ἰ. λευκή, = Salix alba, ἰ. μέλαινα, = Salix amplexicaulis, Thphr.HP3.13.7.

μυρίκη tamarisk

λωτός clover, trefoil, Trifolium fragiferum

θρύον reed, rush; thornapple, Datura Stramonium 曼陀羅花

κύπειρον galingale, Cyperus longus

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0133%3Abook%3D21%3Acard%3D324

ἀλλ᾽ ἐπάμυνε τάχιστα, πιφαύσκεο δὲ φλόγα πολλήν.

αὐτὰρ ἐγὼ Ζεφύροιο καὶ ἀργεστᾶο Νότοιο

εἴσομαι ἐξ ἁλόθεν χαλεπὴν ὄρσουσα θύελλαν,

ἥ κεν ἀπὸ Τρώων κεφαλὰς καὶ τεύχεα κήαι

φλέγμα κακὸν φορέουσα: σὺ δὲ Ξάνθοιο παρ᾽ ὄχθας

δένδρεα καῖ᾽, ἐν δ᾽ αὐτὸν ἵει πυρί: μὴ δέ σε πάμπαν

μειλιχίοις ἐπέεσσιν ἀποτρεπέτω καὶ ἀρειῇ:

μὴ δὲ πρὶν ἀπόπαυε τεὸν μένος, ἀλλ᾽ ὁπότ᾽ ἂν δὴ

φθέγξομ᾽ ἐγὼν ἰάχουσα, τότε σχεῖν ἀκάματον πῦρ.’

ὣς ἔφαθ᾽, Ἥφαιστος δὲ τιτύσκετο θεσπιδαὲς πῦρ.

πρῶτα μὲν ἐν πεδίῳ πῦρ δαίετο, καῖε δὲ νεκροὺς

πολλούς, οἵ ῥα κατ᾽ αὐτὸν ἅλις ἔσαν, οὓς κτάν᾽ Ἀχιλλεύς:

πᾶν δ᾽ ἐξηράνθη πεδίον, σχέτο δ᾽ ἀγλαὸν ὕδωρ.

ὡς δ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ὀπωρινὸς Βορέης νεοαρδέ᾽ ἀλωὴν

αἶψ᾽ ἀγξηράνῃ: χαίρει δέ μιν ὅς τις ἐθείρῃ:

ὣς ἐξηράνθη πεδίον πᾶν, κὰδ δ᾽ ἄρα νεκροὺς

κῆεν: ὃ δ᾽ ἐς ποταμὸν τρέψε φλόγα παμφανόωσαν.

καίοντο πτελέαι τε καὶ ἰτέαι ἠδὲ μυρῖκαι,

καίετο δὲ λωτός τε ἰδὲ θρύον ἠδὲ κύπειρον,

τὰ περὶ καλὰ ῥέεθρα ἅλις ποταμοῖο πεφύκει:

τείροντ᾽ ἐγχέλυές τε καὶ ἰχθύες οἳ κατὰ δίνας,

οἳ κατὰ καλὰ ῥέεθρα κυβίστων ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα

πνοιῇ τειρόμενοι πολυμήτιος Ἡφαίστοιο.   (Iliad 21. 333-355)

Come quickly.

Help Achilles with a giant outburst

of your flames. I’ll stir up some winds—    

West Wind’s harsh sea blasts and white South Wind—

to whip on your destructive fires, so they may burn

dead Trojans and their weapons. You must go

along the river banks, burning trees,

attacking river Xanthus with your flames.

Don’t let him slow you down in any way,

not with gentle words or making threats.

Don’t check your fury till I tell you to.   

I’ll give you a shout. Then you can pull back

your inexhaustible fire.”

        Hera spoke.  Hephaestus then prepared a prodigious blaze.

First it burned up all the plain, incinerating corpses,

the many bodies of men slaughtered by Achilles

scattered everywhere. The entire plain dried up.

The shimmering river waters were held back.

Just as at harvest time North Wind quickly dries

well-watered orchards, to the farmer’s great delight,

that’s how the whole plain then grew dry, as Hephaestus

burned up the dead. Then he turned his blazing flames

against the river, burning elms, willows, tamarisks,  

clover, rushes, sedge, all growing in abundance

along that lovely stream. In the river pools,

eels and fish were much distressed—they jumped everywhere

in that fine river, suffering the fiery blasts

prepared by that resourceful god Hephaestus.