56 broad bean蠶豆κύαμος

56 broad bean蠶豆κύαμος

bean,  broad bean, fava bean, faba bean, field bean, bell bean, or tic bean

蠶豆

Vicia faba

豆科

Fabaceae

κύαμος

56

bean, Vicia faba維基百科資料:

蠶豆（學名：Vicia faba）是一年生或越年生豆科草本植物，又名胡豆、佛豆、川豆、倭豆、羅漢豆，原產亞洲西南部和非洲北部。相傳西漢張騫出使西域時期傳入中國，8世紀左右從中國傳入日本。

主題: 豆子的比喻

Iliad 13. 581-592

下面這小段描述Menelaus和Helenus近距離一對一對打，兩人矛槍互相攻擊。Helenus開弓箭，利箭打到Menelaus的胸膛，從戰袍鎧甲滑落，銅片把箭矢彈回，如賽穀場上黝黑的豆，隨呼嘯的風，飛過大鏟子，掉落在地上。Menelaus沒事，但下面就看見Menelaus打中Helenus的手，他的同伴幫他用羊毛包紮，用長帶固定。

這段比喻中提到兩種豆:

κύαμος: bean, Vicia faba

ἐρέβινθος:  chick-pea, Cicer arietinum

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0133%3Abook%3D13%3Acard%3D560

Ἀτρεΐδην δ᾽ ἄχος εἷλε βοὴν ἀγαθὸν Μενέλαον:

βῆ δ᾽ ἐπαπειλήσας Ἑλένῳ ἥρωϊ ἄνακτι

ὀξὺ δόρυ κραδάων: ὃ δὲ τόξου πῆχυν ἄνελκε.

τὼ δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ ὁμαρτήδην ὃ μὲν ἔγχεϊ ὀξυόεντι

ἵετ᾽ ἀκοντίσσαι, ὃ δ᾽ ἀπὸ νευρῆφιν ὀϊστῷ.

Πριαμίδης μὲν ἔπειτα κατὰ στῆθος βάλεν ἰῷ

θώρηκος γύαλον, ἀπὸ δ᾽ ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός.

ὡς δ᾽ ὅτ᾽ ἀπὸ πλατέος πτυόφιν μεγάλην κατ᾽ ἀλωὴν

θρῴσκωσιν κύαμοι μελανόχροες ἢ ἐρέβινθοι

πνοιῇ ὕπο λιγυρῇ καὶ λικμητῆρος ἐρωῇ,

ὣς ἀπὸ θώρηκος Μενελάου κυδαλίμοιο

πολλὸν ἀποπλαγχθεὶς ἑκὰς ἔπτατο πικρὸς ὀϊστός.

http://records.viu.ca/~johnstoi/homer/iliad13.htm

Atreus’ son Menelaus, skilled at war shouts,      

was overcome with grief. He stepped up, threatening

and waving a sharp spear at warrior Helenus.

Helenus pulled back on the centre of his bow.

They both let fly together—one with a sharp spear,

the other with an arrow from his bowstring.

Priam’s son hit Menelaus with his arrow—

on the front plate of his armour, in the chest.                              

The keen arrow bounded off. Just as black beans or peas

fly off a broad shovel on large threshing floors,

driven by the sharp wind or winnower’s strength       

that’s how the arrow point glanced off the breast plate,

then flew aside, away from glorious Menelaus.