| cypress | 柏木 | Cupressus sempervirens | 柏科 | Cupressaceae | κυπάρισσος |
Cypress
Cupressus
sp.
κυπαρίσσινος of cypress-wood
κυπάρισσος cypress, Cupressus sempervirens
Odyssey 17. 336-395
ἀγχίμολον δὲ μετ᾽ αὐτὸν ἐδύσετο δώματ᾽ Ὀδυσσεύς,
πτωχῷ λευγαλέῳ ἐναλίγκιος ἠδὲ γέροντι,
σκηπτόμενος: τὰ δὲ λυγρὰ περὶ χροΐ εἵματα ἕστο.
ἷζε δ᾽ ἐπὶ μελίνου οὐδοῦ ἔντοσθε θυράων,
κλινάμενος σταθμῷ κυπαρισσίνῳ, ὅν ποτε τέκτων
ξέσσεν ἐπισταμένως καὶ ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν.
Odysseus came into the house behind Eumaeus,
looking like an old and miserable beggar,
leaning on his staff, his body dressed in rags.
He sat on the ash wood threshold in the doorway,
propping his back against a post of cypress wood,
which a
craftsman had once planed with skill
and set in true alignment.
「少小離家老大回」，Odysseus也是離家二十年，這會終於抵達家門，雖然裝扮成老乞丐模樣，手拄著木杖，畢竟是自己的家園，我想他的心情必定是激動不已。門檻是梣木製，還有柏木的門柱，這可是當時請工匠精心設計，柏木，顯然是非常高檔的木料!
l Cypress這字的典故，來自Ovid的《變形記》(Metamorphosis
10.121)，Apollo非常喜歡的男孩Cyparissus不小心殺了一隻神鹿，傷心欲絕，淚流不止，過度悲傷，終究變成一棵樹，這樹就以他的名字命名(拉丁文學名也是)。
Cyparissus
(1670s) by Jacopo Vignali: the boy mourns his pet deer (Musée des Beaux-Arts de
Strasbourg)
資料來源: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyparissus
l 希臘神話故事中，宙斯出生的Ida山也是很多柏木。
l Theophrastus提到Ephesus聖殿的們也是柏木製造。
l 傳說Solon法案的文字，刻在柏木板上。
l Odysseus的家是用柏木造的，非常重要喔!《舊約》也提到所羅門王用柏木(香柏)造聖殿，例如列王紀上5:8- 5:10
8 Then Hiram sent to Solomon,
saying: I have considered the message which you sent me, and I will do all you
desire concerning the cedar and
cypress logs. 9 My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon to the
sea; I will float them in rafts by sea to the place you indicate to me, and
will have them broken apart there; then you can take them away. And you shall
fulfill my desire by giving food for my household. 10 Then Hiram gave Solomon
cedar and cypress logs according to all his desire.
5:8 希蘭打發人去見所羅門，說：「你差遣人向我所提的那事，我都聽見了；論到香柏木和松木，我必照你的心願而行。5:9 我的僕人必將這木料從黎巴嫩site運到海裡，紮成筏子，浮海運到你所指定我的地方，在那裡拆開，你就可以收取；你也要成全我的心願，將食物給我的家。」5:10 於是希蘭照著所羅門所要的，給他香柏木和松木
l 古希臘最有名的柏木產地是克里特島，因為木質堅硬，千年來就大量輸出到希臘本島、歐洲各地或是埃及，造成森林濫墾的嚴重問題。1414年，當時克里特是Venice的殖民地，Venetian的議員就立法，禁止克里特島輸出柏木，以緩和當地日益嚴重的森林砍伐問題。參考下面資料:
Plant Life
in the World's Mediterranean Climates: California, Chile, South ... 作者：Peter R. Dallman (p. 193) http://books.google.com.tw/books?id=dks58xh2VRQC&pg=PA193&lpg=PA193&dq=Venetian+senate+1414+cypress&source=bl&ots=27IskR9gTm&sig=upnnhYzbo-1KyiZBIKtWZjrinsQ&hl=zh-TW&sa=X&ei=zgxwU5vzDcbc8AWHpIGQAg&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Venetian%20senate%201414%20cypress&f=false
